Bactrim

Cotrimoxazole is a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in a ratio of 5:1 or 1:2. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole both block the production of folic acid, a necessary chemical for both bacteria and humans, and each is an effective antibiotic when used alone. For more information on the individual drugs, please visit their respective sites in the Pharmacy section. Cotrimoxazole was approved by the FDA in 1973.

Cotrimoxazole is taken two to three times daily, with or without meals, depending on the type and severity of infection. It should be taken with 6 to 8 ounces of liquid to prevent crystals from forming in the urine. Persons with advanced kidney disease may require lower doses.

SIDE EFFECTS, that may go away during treatment include stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite. If they continue or are bothersome, check with your doctor. Rarely, this medicine can cause serious, even fatal, side effects such as a severe peeling skin rash known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, blood disorders (e.g., agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia), or liver damage. CONTACT YOUR DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY if you experience skin rash or blisters, unusual fatigue, persistent sore throat or fever, yellowing eyes or skin, dark urine, or abdominal pain. CHECK WITH YOUR DOCTOR AS SOON AS POSSIBLE if you experience hives, swelling of the tongue, joint pain, cough, shortness of breath, vaginal irritation or discharge, paleness, unusual bruising or bleeding. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.

Cotrimoxazole is used for urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, middle ear infections, for prevention of infections due to pneumococcus in transplant recipients, for the treatment or prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, chancroid, and prevention of toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with AIDS.

The tablets should be kept at room temperature, 15-30°C (59-86°F).